View source for Real-world References in Dragon Ball

{{incomplete|needs=More examples to add recorded in [[Talk:Real-world_references_in_Dragon_Ball]]}}

While illustrating ''[[Dragon Ball]]'' and other series, [[Akira Toriyama]] occasionally references real-world brands for vehicles, buildings, and other products. These references serve different purposes in the story, but could imply that Renault, Kawasaki, and other companies exist in the universe of Dragon Ball, alongside fictional counterparts like [[Capsule Corporation]] and the [[Red Ribbon Army]]. This page catalogs those references. 

''See Also: [[Dr. Slump references in Dragon Ball]]''

==Textual References in the Manga==
The follow list refers to directly written out references to real-world products, celebrities, or similar media. It may be written out in English, Japanese, or in another language. The assumption is that the below products may potentially have an in-universe counterpart, even if the reference itself is primarily for humor. For example, [[Pilaf]] has a bookshelf full of ''Jump'' comics. While we know this to be a real-world reference (to ''[[Shonen Jump]]''), it is conceivable that books may exist in the Dragon World that are also titled ''Jump''. 

===Chapters 1 through 100===
{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Item-turbo-car-manga.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Turbo''' 
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Chapter 1|''Dragon Ball'' Chapter 1]]}}
The "Turbo" car, in reference to the Renault 5 Turbo, is the first vehicle that [[Bulma]] is shown to drive in the manga. She nearly hits [[Son Goku]] on her way to find the [[dragon balls|4-star dragon ball]]. In real-life, the car was only in limited production primarily for use in rally races. 
|}
{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Item-kawasaki-kr250-manga.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Kawasaki KR250''' 
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Chapter 2|''Dragon Ball'' Chapter 2]]}}
The Kawasaki KR250 is a motorcycle that Bulma drives in the manga's second chapter. Like the "Turbo" car in the prior chapter, this is primarily a racing bike. In the universe of Dragon Ball, it is implied to be a Capsule Corp vehicle. [[Lunch]] steals one of these in [[Dragon Ball Episode 92]]. 
|}
{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Item-tyrell-corp-chair.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Tyrell Corp''' 
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Chapter 2|''Dragon Ball'' Chapter 2]]}}
Bulma's capsule house contains a chair with "Tyrell Corp" branding. Tyrell Corporation is a fictional company in the 1982 film ''Blade Runner'' directed by Ridley Scott. In the movie, Tyrell Corporation invented "replicants", androids indistinguishable from people. This reference may have been to highlight the science-fiction nature of Bulma and her journey, in contrast to the rural Chinese setting. 
|}
{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Item-pilaf-jump-comics-manga.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Jump (ジャンプ)''' 
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Chapter 18|''Dragon Ball'' Chapter 18]]}}
[[Pilaf|Pilaf's]] bookshelves contain an ample supply of ''Jump'' (ジャンプ ''Janpu'') comics, an overarching brand used within Shueisha. ''Weekly Shōnen Jump'' specifically is the publication that featured ''Dragon Ball'' and many of [[Akira Toriyama]]'s other works.
|}
{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Item-dragon-pinball-manga.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Dragon (Pinball)''' 
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Chapter 21|''Dragon Ball'' Chapter 21]]}}
Pilaf's castle also appears to contain an [https://www.ipdb.org/showpic.pl?id=3887&picno=3009 Interflip Dragon] pinball machine, first manufactured in 1977. This was likely selected as a play on the manga title, and the resemblance to an actual pinball machine may be a coincidence. 
|}
{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Item-pennzoil-shirt-manga.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Pennzoil''' 
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Chapter 23|''Dragon Ball'' Chapter 23]]}}
The [[Turtle Hermit]] is depicted as lounging in a Pennzoil shirt when Son Goku arrives at [[Kame House]] to train after defeating Pilaf. [[Senbei Norimaki]] wears a similar shirt in [[Dragon Ball Chapter 82|chapter 82]]. Pennzoil is an American oil and gas company, perhaps best known internationally for sponsoring motorsport events and racing teams. 
|}
{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Item-turtle-hermits-movies.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''''The Goonies''''', '''ZZ Top''', '''Tanya Roberts''', '''''Playboy'' Playmates''', and '''Golf Aerobics'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Chapter 24|''Dragon Ball'' Chapter 24]]}}
The Turtle Hermit's movie collection is visible as he is preparing for Goku to return with his "date". Visible on the shelf are the film ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Goonies The Goonies]'' (グーニーズ  ''Gūnīzu''), a tape of the rock band [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZZ_Top ZZ Top] (ZZトップ  ''ZZ Toppu''), a tape labeled for the actress and "Charlie's Angel" [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanya_Roberts Tanya Roberts] (タニア・ロバーツ  ''Tania Robātsu''), three volumes of "Playmates" tapes, presumably [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playboy_Playmate ''Playboy'' Playmates] (プレイメイト, ''Pureimeito''), and several aerobics tapes. Tanya Roberts had been on the cover of Japanese ''Playboy'' in November 1982 as part of a promotion for the film ''Beastmaster''. The reference to ZZ Top may have been an indirect play on their hit song ''Tush'' where the protagonist of the song, much like the Turtle Hermit, was "looking for some tush". A tape labeled "aerobic golf" (エアロビ ゴルフ ''earobi gorufu'') appears to be a reference to a [https://www.amazon.co.jp/%E3%82%B4%E3%83%AB%E3%83%95%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A8%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AD%E3%83%93%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9-1-VHS-%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%96%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9/dp/B000064FW7 VHS release in Japan] by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Stephenson Jan Stephenson], a golf pro in the 1980s who encouraged the sexualization of the LPGA as a marketing strategy.
|}
{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Item-izuzu-rodeo-manga.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Rodeo''' 
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Chapter 26|''Dragon Ball'' Chapter 26]]}}
Son Goku and [[Kuririn]] see a Rodeo pickup truck while searching for a "hottie" for the Turtle Hermit. This appears to be an Izuzu Rodeo pickup truck manufactured for the Japanese market. 
|}
{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Item-sturgis-gloves-manga.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Sturgis''' 
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Chapter 26|''Dragon Ball'' Chapter 26]]}}
[[Lunch]] is wearing a pair of Sturgis racing gloves when Son Goku and Kuririn first encounter her being chased by the police. The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sturgis_Motorcycle_Rally Sturgis Motorcycle Rally] is an annual cycling event held in Sturgis, South Dakota. The Turtle Hermit was previously seen to wear a Sturgis shirt on the cover of [[Dragon Ball Chapter 24|''Dragon Ball'' Chapter 24]], but did not wear one in the series itself. Another man is seen to wear a Sturgis jacket in the audience of the 21st Tournament in [[Dragon Ball Chapter 35|chapters 35]] and [[Dragon Ball Chapter 36|36]]. 
|}
{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Item-american-graffiti-picture-manga.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''''American Graffiti''''' 
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Chapter 30|''Dragon Ball'' Chapter 30]]}}
The Turtle Hermit has a poster from ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Graffiti American Graffiti]'', a 1973 film by George Lucas. The movie is set in 1962, the date given on the poster. Like many of Toriyama's references, ''American Graffiti'' depicted the "cruising" automobile culture of the 1960s.  
|}
{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Item-air-fix-plane-manga.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Air Fix''' 
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Chapter 32|''Dragon Ball'' Chapter 32]]}}
Goku and Kuririn ride in an "Air Fix" plane en route to their first martial arts tournament. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airfix Airfix] is a company that produces scale models of vehicles, especially airplanes. One such model kit may have been used for the design of the plane in this chapter. This design was reused in [[Dragon Ball Z Episode 146|''Dragon Ball Z'' Episode 146]] for several of the planes at [[Basil Airport]]. 
|}
{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Item-bali-luggage-manga.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''[[Bali]]''' and '''[[Wayan Budhiyasa]]'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Chapter 32|''Dragon Ball'' Chapter 32]]}}
The Turtle Hermit's luggage when he arrives for the 21st Tournament has a "[[Bali]]" sticker and the name "Wayan" on it. A man elsewhere in the panel has a shirt that reads "Budhiyasa". Bali is a popular tourist region in Indonesia that Toriyama visited prior to working on this chapter. While there, he met and had an enjoyable time with a tour guide, Wayan Budhiyasa, whom he honored with a cameo appearance in the manga.<ref>TODO: Need to cite this from interviews.</ref> Wayan and "Bali" (written on the Tournament wall) both appear again in [[Dragon Ball Chapter 35|chapter 35]]. The Turtle Hermit used the luggage again in [[Dragon Ball Chapter 113|chapter 113]]. A map of Bali appears in the background in [[Dragon Ball Episode 92]].
|}
{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Item-luma-shirt.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''LUMA'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Chapter 33|''Dragon Ball'' Chapter 33]]}}
When Son Goku and Kuririn enter the Tournament grounds for the first time, they pass a man wearing a "LUMA" shirt. In Japan, LUMA is a popular brand of colored ink used in drawing manga. This chapter featured eight limited-color pages.
|}
{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Location-hilton-hotel-manga.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Hilton'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Chapter 68|''Dragon Ball'' Chapter 68]]}}
Goku walks past a "Hotel Hilton" in [[West City]] while searching for [[Bulma]]. Hilton is an international hotel chain with properties in more than 100 countries, including Japan. 
|}
{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Item-dragon-ball-poster-manga.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''''[[Dragon Ball (anime)|Dragon Ball]]''''' and '''Fuji TV'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Chapter 68|''Dragon Ball'' Chapter 68]]}}
Goku walks past an advertisement for ''Dragon Ball'' on Fuji TV on Wednesdays at 7 PM. This chapter debuted less than two months after the start of the ''Dragon Ball'' anime on Fuji TV.
|}
{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Item-fandango-poster.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''''Fandango'''''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Chapter 69|''Dragon Ball'' Chapter 69]]}}
Teenage Bulma's bedroom includes a poster for ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fandango_(1985_film) Fandango]'', a 1985 comedy about college friends going on a final roadtrip. It starred Kevin Costner in his debut, but for Torimaya the real star may have been the blue 1959 Cadillac Series 62 that was at the heart of the film. 
|}
{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Item-vmx-model-manga.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''VMX12'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Chapter 69|''Dragon Ball'' Chapter 69]]}}
Among the clutter in Bulma's bedroom is a model kit for a Yamaha VMX12 motorcycle. Toriyama may have been thinking about the VMX because he included a VMX designation on a Metro West-style motorcycle in Chapter 68. 
|}

===Chapters 101 through 200===
{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Item-fox-shirt.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''FOX'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Chapter 126|''Dragon Ball'' Chapter 126]]}}
There is a fox in the audience of the 22nd Tournament wearing a "FOX" shirt. It may be a reference to the FOX Network in the United States which had been founded by 20th Century Fox only seven months previous... or it may be just a fox wearing a shirt that says "fox" on it, similar to Bulma and Arale wearing shirts with their own names emblazoned on them.
|}
{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Item-farmers-chevrolet-truck.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Chevrolet'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Chapter 195|''Dragon Ball'' Chapter 195]]}}
A farmer drives this Chevrolet pickup truck to [[Raditz|Raditz's]] landing site. Chevrolet is an American automotive brand that produces a wide variety of vehicles for the international market.
|}

===Chapters 201 through 300===
{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Bio-unknown.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Bubbles''' 
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Chapter 210|''Dragon Ball'' Chapter 210]]}}
[[North Kaiō|Kaiō's]] pet, [[Bubbles]], is named after [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubbles_(chimpanzee) Michael Jackson's chimpanzee] of the same name.<ref>{{Cite guidebook|Title="I want to know the characters' name sources!"|Book=20|Page=p. 158}}</ref>
|}

==Visual References in the Manga==
The follow list refers to item, vehicle, and character cameos which appear in ''Dragon Ball'' but which do not have a given or implied name in-universe. For example, characters from the ''Wizard of Oz'' books appear as the 21st tournament spectators. While Toriyama is making a direct reference to the books' characters, he is not necessarily implying that Dorothy Gale is a character in the Dragon World. 

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Item-bulma-gun-manga.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Walther PPK'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Chapter 1|''Dragon Ball'' Chapter 1]]}}
The gun that Bulma brings for self defense on her first dragon ball hunt appears to be a Walther PP, a German sidearm used in World War II. She unsuccessfully uses to protect herself from Son Goku.
|}
{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Item-peoples-cap-manga.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Chinese "People's Cap"'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Chapter 2|''Dragon Ball'' Chapter 2]]}}
In the background of one panel, an owl is seen to wear a Chairman Mao cap (人民帽 ''rénmín mào''), also known as a "People's Cap". This background detail may have been intended to evoke a Chinese setting to the early part of the ''Dragon Ball'' story. [[Oolong]] would be seen to wear a similar cap later in the series.
|}
{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Item-bulma-nightgown-1st-armored.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''US Army First Armored Division'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Chapter 2|''Dragon Ball'' Chapter 2]]}}
Bulma's nightgown from the beginning of the series sports a patch for the First Armored Division of the US Army. This division was created in 1940 for World War II. The exact reason for including this patch is unknown, but Toriyama may have been inspired by a model tank. Tank-related terms were also used for upcoming characters like [[Sherman Priest]], [[Hedge]], [[Hogg]], and [[Lee]]. 
|}
{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Item-bulma-uzi-manga.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Ingram MAC-10''' or '''MAC-11'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Chapter 4|''Dragon Ball'' Chapter 4]]}}
Bulma shoots Son Goku with a machine pistol after he admits that he removed her underpants, leading to her exposure to the Turtle Hermit. This appears to be either a MAC-10 or MAC-11, designed by Gordon Ingram for the Military Armament Corporation in 1964. 
|}
{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Character-ultraman-fish.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Ultraman'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Chapter 6|''Dragon Ball'' Chapter 6]]}}
While Bulma and Son Goku are on their first dragon ball hunt, they pass a fish jumping out of the water. This fish has a head shape reminiscent of Ultraman, as well as speaking that character's trademark transformation sound effect: "Shuwatch" (シュワッチ, ''Shuwatchi''). Ultraman is an extremely popular and influential character in Japanese pop culture, first created in 1966. The time limit used for Ultraman's powers were reused by Toriyama for Oolong's transformations. Ultraman is also a favorite of [[Arale]]'s in ''Dr. Slump''.
|}
{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Character-oolong-as-scooter-manga.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Powell Streamliner''' or '''Fuji Rabbit S-1'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Chapter 7|''Dragon Ball'' Chapter 7]]}}
After Bulma loses her [[capsules]], she tries to convince Oolong to transform into a vehicle to carry her. He briefly transforms into a scooter very close in design to a Powell Streamliner (or potentially the closely-related Fuji Rabbit S-1). This scooter was used by the United States military during World War II. Although the scooter is not an exact match, Oolong's inability to exactly mimic what he chooses is a recurring aspect of his transformations. 
|}
{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Item-yamcha-car-manga.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Kurogane Type 95'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Chapter 10|''Dragon Ball'' Chapter 10]]}}
Yamcha's car that he uses to pursue Oolong's camper van is based on a Kurogane Type 95 (nicknamed "Kurogane 4×4") scout car used by the Japanese in World War II.<ref>TODO: Toriyama specifically cited this in D4. Track down reference.</ref>
|}
{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Item-panzerfaust-manga.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Panzerfaust'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Chapter 10|''Dragon Ball'' Chapter 10]]}}
Yamcha attacks Oolong's camper van using a ''panzerfaust'' ("tank fist"), an anti-tank weapon used by the German military during World War II. The ordnance is single-shot. The model that Yamcha uses includes original German text on the side, suggesting that Toriyama was working from a model or picture of the device while illustrating. 
|}
{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Item-fiat-arbath-manga.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Fiat Abarth 695'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Chapter 10|''Dragon Ball'' Chapter 10]]}}
After destroying [[Oolong]]'s camper van, [[Yamcha]] provides a Fiat Abarth 695 to Bulma and her group so they can continue the hunt for the dragon balls. Yamcha installs a tracking device so he can follow their progress. Although not named in the story, the Fiat Arbath logo can clearly be seen on the front of the car. 
|}
{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Technique-chichi-ultraseven-attack-manga.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''''Ultraseven'''''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Chapter 11|''Dragon Ball'' Chapter 11]]}}
When she was first encountered by Son Goku and his friends, [[Chi-Chi]] protected herself with a special helmet. This helmet featured a detachable boomerang that could be thrown to decapitate enemies, plus the ability to fire a laser blast. Both of these features, as well as the pose that Chi-Chi makes when she uses them, are derived from the ''Ultraseven'' series, one of the sequels to ''Ultraman''. 
|}
{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Character-stay-puft-manga.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Stay Puft Marshmallow Man'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Chapter 33|''Dragon Ball'' Chapter 33]]}}
In the qualifying rounds of the 21st tournament, the Stay Puft Marshmallow Man from the 1984 film ''Ghostbusters'' appears as a contestant in one panel. As he did not make the final rounds, he was presumably defeated by another contender.
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Character-miffy-manga.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Miffy'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Chapter 35|''Dragon Ball'' Chapter 35]]}}
Several crowd scenes from the 21st tournament audience include a simply-drawn rabbit, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miffy Miffy]. Created in 1955 in the Netherlands by artist Dick Bruna, Miffy was a well-known character in Japan. Mr. Bruna's art style may also have been an influence in similar characters, such as those by Sanrio. 
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Character-dorothy-and-oz-team-manga.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''''Wizard of Oz Characters'': Dorothy, Tin Man, Cowardly Lion, and Scarecrow'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Chapter 37|''Dragon Ball'' Chapter 37]]}}
Beginning in the fight between Yamcha and the disguised Turtle Hermit, characters from the ''Wizard of Oz'' film make an appearance: Dorothy Gale, Tin Man, Cowardly Lion, and Scarecrow. These are all characters from the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_(1939_film) 1939 film], however book-only characters appear in other panels. The series was created by L. Frank Baum in 1900. 
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Character-scarecrow-with-boom-box.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''''Oz'' entry in 1985 Tamiya Figure Modeling Contest'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Chapter 42|''Dragon Ball'' Chapter 42]]}}
Continuing with the appearances of ''Oz''-related characters in the 21st tournament crowd scenes, one appearance during the Jackie Chun vs. Kuririn battle depicts the Scarecrow holding a boom-box. This is in reference to Torimaya's assistant [[Matsuyama]]'s entry in the [http://art-front.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Fig12.jpg 1985 Tamiya Figure Modeling Contest]. This entry re-imagined Dorthy and the ''Oz'' characters as doing "modern" things such as riding a motorcycle, drinking a Coke, and skateboarding.
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Bio-unknown.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Spectreman'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Chapter 417|''Dragon Ball'' Chapter 417]], [[Dragon Ball Tankōbon Volume 42|''Dragon Ball'' Tankōbon Volume 42]]}}
Goku's poses on the covers of ''Dragon Ball'' Chapter 417 and Tankōbon Volume 42 depict him waving goodbye to the reader before, presumably, flying away. These poses resemble that of ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectreman Spectreman]'' on the cover of the final chapter of the manga of the same name.<ref>{{Cite web|URL=https://twitter.com/kamisamaexp/status/2043082405024514281|Website=Twitter|Title=@kamisamaexp|Date=11 April 2026|AccessDate=12 April 2026}}</br>TO DO: track down copy of chapter to directly verify</ref> 
|}

==Anime-only References==

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:item-Urashima_Tarō-image.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''''Urashima Tarō'' legend and folksong'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Episode 3|''Dragon Ball'' Episode 3]]}}
After Son Goku rescues [[Turtle]], both [[Bulma]] and the [[Turtle Hermit]] reference the legend of ''Urashima Tarō'', a Japanese folk-story about a man who receives a reward after rescuing a turtle. Bulma wonders if Turtle will give them a ''tamatebako'' (jeweled box) as a reward, just as in that legend. While approaching the shore, the Turtle Hermit sings a few bars of a folksong version of the story, also generally titled as 浦島太郎 (''Urashima Tarō''). This version is a common children's song today and was first published in 1911.
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:item-marilyn-monroe-image.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Marilyn Monroe in ''The Seven Year Itch'' movie poster'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Episode 43|''Dragon Ball'' Episode 43]]}}
While exploring [[West City]], Goku briefly passes by a storefront with many TV screens. A picture of a blond woman holding down a billowing dress is briefly seen on the screen. This scene pays homage to a sequence in the 1956 film, ''The Seven Year Itch'', where Marilyn Monroe's character holds down a dress in a similar pose while walking over a windy subway grate. The full image was not depicted in the film itself, but was used in the film's poster and advertisements.
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:item-all-japan-motorcross-poster.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''All Japan Motorcross Championship'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Episode 44|''Dragon Ball'' Episode 44]]}}
Bulma's room in Capsule Corp includes a poster for the All Japan Motorcross Championship, a popular motorcross racing series in Japan run by MFJ, the Motorcycle Federation of Japan. 
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:item-budweiser-and-coke-ads.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Budweiser and Coca-Cola'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Episode 44|''Dragon Ball'' Episode 44]]}}
While exploring West City, Goku passes by advertisements for Budweiser and Coca-Cola. These are iconic American brands and may be intended to suggest that West City is a very "western" city. 
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:item-rumble-fish-poster-top.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''''Rumble Fish'''''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Episode 92|''Dragon Ball'' Episode 92]]}}
When Goku's friends are discussing [[Panput]]'s life as an action movie star, a poster for ''Rumble Fish'' is briefly displayed. This is a real-life 1983 film directed by Francis Ford Coppola, based on the novel by S. E. Hinton. Panput appears to be playing the role of "Motorcycle Boy", the protagonist's cool older brother who dies at the conclusion of the film while trying to rescue animals (including a "rumble fish") from a pet store. In the original, Motorcycle Boy drives a Kawasaki GPZ550 motorcycle, rather than the American one shown here. He also does not use a bazooka in the original. 
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:item-ramble-fish-poster-bottom.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''''Iroha'''''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Episode 92|''Dragon Ball'' Episode 92]]}}
The bottom of the ''Rumble Fish'' movie poster (starring [[Panput]]) contains credits in the form of the ''Iroha'' poem, a classical Japanese pangram poem composed prior to 1079 AD. The poem is noteworthy for containing each Japanese phonetic character exactly once. The order of characters in this poem was subsequently adopted as Japanese "alphabetical" order.
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:item-singaraja-billboard.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Singaraja'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Episode 92|''Dragon Ball'' Episode 92]]}}
While Goku is being driven around [[Papaya Island]] by [[Panput]]'s manager, they pass a billboard advertising "Singaraja". Singaraja is a town in northern [[Bali]], one of several references to that country in that section of the manga and anime, thanks to a recent vacation taken by [[Akira Toriyama]]. 
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:DBZ001-raditz-pod-mystical-adventure.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''''[[Mystical Adventure!]]'' Opening (''Dragon Ball'')'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Z Episode 1|''Dragon Ball Z'' Episode 1]]}}
In the first moments of the ''[[Dragon Ball Z]]'' series, [[Raditz|Raditz's]] [[Saiyan Pod|pod]] flies near a sun emitting solar flares. The sun and flares are an homage to the opening of the recently-completed ''[[Dragon Ball (anime)|Dragon Ball]]'' series. 
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:DBZ022-timex-clock.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Time(x) Clock'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Z Episode 21|''Dragon Ball Z'' Episode 21]]}}
In [[East City]] just prior to the [[Saiyans]]' arrival, a clock can be seen with a capitalized "TIME" logo. This appears to be a reference to the US-based Timex Corporation which produced clocks with a very similar "TIMEX" logo on the front. First established in 1944, the Timex company was a popular manufacturer of clocks and watches. 
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:DBZ022-timex-watch.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Timex Watch'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Z Episode 21|''Dragon Ball Z'' Episode 21]]}}
One of the pedestrians in [[East City]] looks at his watch just prior to the Saiyans attack. The watch depicted says "DALBAT Quartz" as the brand with "Chronometer" separately visible on the watch face. This watch is based on a Timex Quartz Mens K-Cell digital watch from the 1980s, potentially one owned by an animator. Timex digital watches of the period, [https://www.worthpoint.com/worthopedia/timex-cell-vintage-70s-80s-quartz-lcd-695447778 such as this one from an eBay auction], include both branding elements as well as the overall layout of the watch face and buttons. 
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Bio-unknown.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Einstein''' & '''Archimedes'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Z Episode 171|''Dragon Ball Z'' Episode 171]]}}
Chi-Chi suggests both "Einstein" and "Archimedes" as good names for her first son, but he reveals his desire to be named "[[Son Gohan|Gohan]]" instead. Einstein and Archimedes are scholars from the real-world. Einstein (1875-1975) was a scientist best known for his development of the Theory of Relativity. Archimedes (c. 271 - 212 BCE) was a Greek inventor and mathematician who pioneered many branches of study including geometry and an early version of calculus. 
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Item-bird-shirts.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Bird Studio'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Z Episode 126|''Dragon Ball Z'' Episode 126]]}}
In the moments before [[Doctor Gero]] attacks, two people on [[Amembo Island]] are seen wearing "Bird" shirts. Bird Studio is the name of Akira Toriyama's production company.
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Item-dragon-ball-balloon-anime.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''''Dragon Ball'' TV Special'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Z TV Special 2|''Dragon Ball Z'' TV Special 2]]}}
In a self-referential moment, a young girl is carrying a balloon labeled "D.B.SP" ("''Dragon Ball'' Special") with a picture of Son Goku at the beginning of the Trunks TV special. This moment of levity will be shattered soon after as the [[Artificial Humans]] attack and the balloon floats away.
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Location-pepper-town-anime.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''''Dub and Peter 1'' - Pepper Town'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Z TV Special 2|''Dragon Ball Z'' TV Special 2]]}}
The first city that the Artificial Humans destroy in the TV special is Pepper Town. This town not only matches the pun-series used by most of the other towns in the Cell arc, but also serves as a reference to Toriyama's brief series ''[[Dub and Peter 1]]'', published only a few months before; Pepper Town serves as the primary setting of this series.
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Item-ueda-bag.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''[[Yoshihiro Ueda]]'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Z TV Special 2|''Dragon Ball Z'' TV Special 2]]}}
When the camera pans over the abandoned [[Kame House]], a duffel bag labeled "UEDA" is left on the floor. This is likely a tribute to Yoshihiro Ueda, a director on many episodes of the series including the special where it appeared. He started work on the series with [[Dragon Ball Episode 7]] and continued all the way through to [[Dragon Ball GT Episode 62]].
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:DBZ178-son-goku-cha-la-pose.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''''[[CHA-LA HEAD-CHA-LA]]'' Opening (''Dragon Ball Z'')'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Z Episode 178|''Dragon Ball Z'' Episode 178]]}}
During Son Goku's battle with [[Cell]], he powers up in a specific pose then calls down lightning that explodes into a red aura. This is nearly identical to a sequence in the first ''[[Dragon Ball Z]]'' anime opening, except that Goku is a [[Super Saiyan]] in the episode version. A second homage is found in [[Dragon Ball Z Episode 179|the following episode]] which shows [[Piccolo]] reflected against an explosion just as in the opening.
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Bio-yama-anime.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''"Yama"'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Z Episode 195|''Dragon Ball Z'' Episode 195]]}}
While passing through [[King Enma]]'s castle on their way to [[Dai Kaiō's Planet]], Goku meets an ''oni'' named [[Yama]]. Yama is one of three ''oni'' in that episode named for ''Dragon Ball Z'' animators and directors, but it is not certain who he was named for. He may have been named for Akira Toriyama himself; [[Chigusa Yokoyama]], the art director for the episode that he appeared in; or other "Yama" names who worked on ''Dragon Ball Z'' at the time including [[Tadayoshi Yamamuro]], [[Masayuki Uchiyama]], [[Masuo Nakayama]], [[Shigeyasu Yamauchi]], or [[Takao Koyama]].
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Bio-shimoto-anime.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Mitsuo Hashimoto'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Z Episode 195|''Dragon Ball Z'' Episode 195]]}}
While en route to [[Dai Kaiō's Planet]] after the [[Cell Games]], Goku passes through an airport transporting souls to heaven. Shimoto is one of the background ''oni'' at the airport and one of three ''oni'' in the episode named for series animators or directors. In this case, Shomoto appears to be named for [[Mitsuo Hashimoto]], the director of many episodes of ''[[Dragon Ball Z]]'', including the episode ([[Dragon Ball Z Episode 195|195]]) with this cameo. 
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Bio-suenaga-anime.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Yūichi Suenaga'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Z Episode 195|''Dragon Ball Z'' Episode 195]]}}
While en route to [[Dai Kaiō's Planet]] after the [[Cell Games]], Goku passes through an airport transporting souls to heaven. Suenaga is the second background ''oni'' at the airport and one of three ''oni'' in the episode named for series animators or directors. In this case, Suenaga appears to be named for [[Yūichi Suenaga]], a director on several episodes of ''[[Dragon Ball (anime)|Dragon Ball]]'', but also the production manager on the episode where the cameo appeared. 
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:dbz195-dai-kaio-cadillac.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''1962 Cadillac Series 62 Convertible'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Z Episode 195|''Dragon Ball Z'' Episode 195]]}}
On [[Dai Kaiō's Planet]], [[Kaiō]] spots a beautiful car and fawns over it. The vehicle resembles a 1962 Cadillac Series 62 Convertible, or similar. This car resembles the 1957-era Cadillac that Kaiō lost when his own planet was destroyed. 
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:dbz199-cola-can.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Coca-cola'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Z Episode 199|''Dragon Ball Z'' Episode 199]]}}
During the [[Afterlife Tournament]], a red and white "cola" cans fly across the stands during [[Paikuhan]]'s [[Hyper Tornado]] technique. Although the full name is not used, the wavy white stripe on a red "cola" can closely resembles the Coca-Cola can design used off and on (with modifications) since 1971.
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Bio-unknown.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Sega Saturn'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball GT TV Special|''Dragon Ball GT'' TV Special]]}}
[[Son Goku, Jr.]] can be seen playing a video game console vaguely resembling a Sega Saturn (1994-2000). 
|}

==Movie-only References==
{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Item-kedak-camera-m7.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Kedak''' 
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Z Movie 7|''Dragon Ball Z'' Movie 7]]}}
In the department store in Movie 7, a customer can be seen looking over new cameras while carrying a "Kedak" case. This appears to be a reference to Kodak, a real-world camera company. This is one of several slightly-misspelled English words in the film, but the only that referenced a brand.
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:DBZM7-item-z-hat.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Dragon Ball Z''' 
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Z Movie 7|''Dragon Ball Z'' Movie 7]]}}
While a crowd of people are fleeing from the rampage of Nos. 14 and 15, one man can be seen wearing a "Z" hat in the same font as the "Z" in the ''[[Dragon Ball Z]]'' logo. 
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:DBZM7-nagasaki.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Nagasaki''' 
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Z Movie 7|''Dragon Ball Z'' Movie 7]]}}
While Son Goku is battling Artificial Humans Nos. [[Artificial Human No. 14|14]] and [[Artificial Human No. 15|15]] in an unknown city, a sign can be seen saying "Nagasaki". In real-life, Nagasaki is a city in western Japan, also known for being one of the two cities that were hit by atomic bombs during World War II. As Nagasaki does not exist in the [[Dragon World]], it is unclear what the name on the building was referring to.
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:M8-Friendship-Effort-Victory-square.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''The "three principles" of ''Jump'': Friendship, Effort, and Victory'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Z Movie 8|''Dragon Ball Z'' Movie 8]]}}
As Goku and Chi-Chi discuss Goku's rehearsed answers for how they will get Gohan into a prestigious spring seminar, Chi-Chi tells Goku that his three favorite words must be "friendship", "effort", and "victory". These words are also written on a poster in the interview room of the "Most Famous School", although they are only visible in some 4:3 prints of the film; the original theatrical cut and releases based on the 16:9 theatrical ratio crop out this poster. These words serve as the "three principles" of ''[[V-Jump]]''. 
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Character-kuririn-singing-movie8.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''''Tsubasa o Kudasai'' (翼をください, ''"Please Give Me Wings"'')''' 
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Z Movie 8|''Dragon Ball Z'' Movie 8]]}}
At a cherry blossom party to celebrate the coming of spring, Kuririn sings a karaoke rendition of ''Tsubasa o Kudasai'' (翼をください or "Please Give Me Wings"), a Japanese folk song by Michio Yamagami, written in 1970. It is a popular song for Japanese artists to cover and is well-known by school children. Kuririn's rendition is considered either amazing or comically bad, depending on the listener. 
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Character-turtle-hermit-drunk-movie8.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Japan''' 
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Z Movie 8|''Dragon Ball Z'' Movie 8]]}}
While listening to [[Kuririn]]'s karaoke, the (very drunk) Turtle Hermit shouts out that his former student is the "best in all Japan!" The cherry blossom party he and his friends attended in the film mimic a real-world festival that takes place in Japan in the spring. As "Japan" is not a country in [[Dragon World]]'s [[Earth]], this an anachronistic reference. 
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:M8-turtle-hermit-mask.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Hyottoko mask''' and '''Flag of Japan'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Z Movie 8|''Dragon Ball Z'' Movie 8]]}}
While distracting [[Broli]] on [[New Planet Vegeta]], the [[Turtle Hermit]] performs a comedic dance using a traditional Hyottoko mask to shift between alterations of his facial features. His fan also depicts the flag of Japan, the real-world origin of the Hyottoko mask tradition. The mask's puckered mouth is depicts a man breathing fire through a bamboo pipe, hence the term ''hyottoko'' (ひょっとこ), from "fire" (火 ''hi'') and "man" (男 ''otoko'').
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:M9-tokyo-sports-reporter.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Tokyo Sports'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Z Movie 9|''Dragon Ball Z'' Movie 9]]}}
In the press conference with [[Gyōsan Money]], one of the reporters is seen wearing a patch for "Tokyo Sports". ''Tokyo Sports'' (東京スポーツ ''Tōkyō Supōtsuis'') a Japanese daily sports newspaper founded in 1960. It is known for including glamor shots of attractive women in addition to its traditional sports coverage. 
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:M9-lots-of-camera.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|Camera Manufacturers: '''Nimolta''', '''Kentax''', '''Mikon''', and '''Olympus'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Z Movie 9|''Dragon Ball Z'' Movie 9]]}}
In the press conference with [[Gyōsan Money]], many of the cameramen are using cameras with named derived from real-world camera manufacturers. "Nimolta", "Kentax", and "Mikon" are slight misspellings of Minolta, Pentax, and Nikon, all real-world camera brands. "Olympus" is also present but not misspelled. To add some Dragon Ball flavor, another cameraman is using a Capsule Corp-branded camera. These off-brand cameras may be calling back to the "Kedak" camera seen in [[Dragon Ball Z Movie 7|Movie 7]].
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:M9-fleur-de-lis.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Fleur-de-lis'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Z Movie 9|''Dragon Ball Z'' Movie 9]]}}
After the press conference, Mister Satan is expected to come out of a door with a ''fleur-de-lis'' overhead. Instead, he appears high above on a helicopter. In real life, the symbol represents the French monarchy in heraldry and has come to represent France in general. In this instance, it may be being used to show that Gyōsan Money has "class". 
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:M9-dbz-hay.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''''DB-Z'' hat and "The Super Saiyan" shirt'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Z Movie 9|''Dragon Ball Z'' Movie 9]]}}
Amongst the cheering crowds, several characters can be seen wearing "DB-Z" hats, naturally referencing the show ''Dragon Ball Z''. One of these characters (seen here from the back) also wears a shirt with "The Super Saiyan" written on the front. This character may be an out-of-universe reference to ''Dragon Ball'' fandom as the existence of Saiyans and Super Saiyans was not common knowledge at the time and would not have been put on an in-universe fan's shirt.
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:M9-dbz-old-maid.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''''Baba-nuki'' (ババ抜き) / Old Maid'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Z Movie 9|''Dragon Ball Z'' Movie 9]]}}
While on the Serpentine Road, Son Goku plays Baba-nuki (ババ抜き), or "Old Maid", with [[Bubbles]] and [[Gregory]]. They play with a special deck that includes [[Pilaf]] as the king, [[Mai]] as the queen, and [[Shuu]] as the jack. As a double-pun, the [[Fortuneteller Crone]] is featured as the Joker. In the Japanese version of this game, the Joker is always the "old maid" unlike the American version which often uses a queen. Her name, as well as the Japanese term for the "old maid" uses the word ''baba'' (ババ), making her an especially fitting character to be the "Old Maid" of the game. While it is plausible that egocentric Pilaf could have indeed produced a playing card desk featuring his photos, the presence of the Crone suggests that this is a meta-joke rather than an in-universe one.
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:M9-dbz-chichen-itza.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Chichen Itza'''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Z Movie 9|''Dragon Ball Z'' Movie 9]]}}
On [[Battle Island II]], the four finalists emerge onto a large step pyramid before being transported to their individual competition stages. This step-pyramid closely resembles the Mayan site at Chichen Itza in Yucatán State, Mexico. The film version of the pyramid appears to have one additional level, but the overall architecture and style is the same as the real-world location.
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:M9-scarecrow.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Scarecrow at the ''Tenka'ichi Dai Budō Taikai'''''
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Z Movie 9|''Dragon Ball Z'' Movie 9]]}}
As the crowd flees the ''Tenka'ichi Dai Budō Taikai'' after the reveal of [[Bojack]]'s henchmen, a straw hat can be seen in the crowd. This is the Scarecrow from the ''Wizard of Oz''. This is a callback to [[Dragon Ball Chapter 42]] and elsewhere were the Scarecrow and other Oz characters were seen in the background of the ''[[Tenka'ichi Budōkai]]''.
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:M9-amos-n-andy.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''''Amos 'n' Andy'' Tin Taxi''' 
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Z Movie 9|''Dragon Ball Z'' Movie 9]]}}
One of the toys in Son Gohan's ''Tenka'ichi Dai Budō Taikai'' vision is a yellow car with two black characters riding in it. This car is a depiction of a 1930s ''Amos 'n' Andy'' wind-up toy, called the "Tin Taxi" by Louis Marx and Company. ''Amos 'n' Andy'' was a comedy radio series from the 1920s through the 1950s depicting two African American men trying to make it in Chicago and New York.
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:M9-pooh-bear.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Winnie-the-Pooh''' 
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Z Movie 9|''Dragon Ball Z'' Movie 9]]}}
Another of the toys in Son Gohan's ''Tenka'ichi Dai Budō Taikai'' vision is a teddy bear with shaggy fur. This particular bear closely resembles a stuffed toy purchased by A.A. Milne for his son, Christopher Robin Milne, when he was a small child. This toy later became the model for Winnie-the-Pooh and is housed in the permanent collection at the New York Public Library.
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:M9-charlie-mccarthy.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Charlie McCarthy''' 
{{Table attack|debut=[[Dragon Ball Z Movie 9|''Dragon Ball Z'' Movie 9]]}}
One of the toys in Son Gohan's ''Tenka'ichi Dai Budō Taikai'' battle stage is a ventriloquist's dummy with a top hat and monocle. This is Charlie McCarthy, the "partner" of ventriloquist Edgar Bergen. Bergen performed with Charlie from 1922 until 1978 including roles on radio, TV, and films. 
|}

{| class="biography"
|valign="top" width="80"|[[File:Item-michael-jackson-suit-bog.png|left|80px|link=]]
|valign="top"|'''Michael Jackson''' 
{{Table attack|debut=''[[Dragon Ball Z: Battle of Gods]]''}}
Among the grand prizes stashed for Bulma's Bingo Tournament is a white suit and a single white glove. This outfit is a reference to Michael Jackson's outfit from the 1988 music video for ''Smooth Criminal'', as well as his signature diamond-studded glove.
|}

===Movie 9 Flags===
[[Dragon Ball Z Movie 9]] implies the international character of the [[Tenka'ichi Dai Budō Taikai]] by depicting many flags in the entrance area as well as the interior viewing area on [[Battle Island]]. These flags are a mix of real-world flags, invented flags, and remixes of elements of real flags in ways that do not appear in real life. It is not clear what these flags represent in-universe as [[Earth]] is a united country ruled over by a [[King of Earth|king]]. 

{| style="width: 1000px; text-align: center; border-bottom-style: dotted; border: 1px;"
|colspan="2"|[[Image:M9-exterior-flags.png|x200px|thumb|center|The flags depicted in the outdoor area of Battle Island are stylized and given a pastel tint. Only a few appear to directly depict real-world flags, but real-world elements like the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_and_crescent star and crescent], the triangle-and-star of East Timor, and others are used in different contexts.]] 
|- 
|style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 50%"|
* '''1 - 3''': Unknown
* '''4''': A [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Guinea flag of Guinea], a country in Africa.
* '''5''': The triangle shape resembles the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Guyana flag of Guyana], a country in South America.
* '''6''': The star and crescent symbol is often seen as a symbol of Islam and used by several real-world Islamic countries. This flag most closely resembles a recolor of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flags_of_the_Ottoman_Empire flag of the Ottoman Empire]. 
* '''7''': Sideways version of #4. 
|style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 50%"|
* '''8''': The triangle and star elements matches the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_East_Timor Flag of East Timor], but the colors are incorrect.
* '''9 - 10''': Unknown
* '''11''': Same as #4
* '''12''': A nondescript yellow flag that could be the flag of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruneian_Empire Empire of Brunei], a country in southeast Asia in the 19th century.
* '''13 - 15''': Unknown
|-
|colspan="2"|
----
[[Image:M9-interior-flags1.png|x200px|thumb|center|Most of the flags in the interior of Battle Island are based on of real-world designs. Unlike the outside flags, there is no pastel tint. In a few cases, pennant versions (triangle or swallowtail) are shown instead of their rectangle forms.]]
|-
|style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"|
* '''1''': A [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Latvia flag of Latvia], a country in Europe. 
* '''2''': Unknown, but the design appears to be distinctive and may be based on something.
* '''3''': A triangle pennant resembling the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Austria flag of Austria], a country in Europe.
* '''4''': A swallowtail pennant resembling the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Luxembourg flag of Luxembourg], a country in Europe.
* '''5''': A [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Somalia flag of Somalia], a country in Africa.
* '''6''': A [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Guatemala flag of Guatemala], a country in South America
* '''7''': A flag with the ''yin-yang'' symbol from Daoism. This symbol is present on several east Asian flags but none match this depiction.
* '''8''': A [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Liberia flag of Liberia], a country in Africa.
* '''9 - 10''': Unknown
* '''11''': A [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_Netherlands flag of the Netherlands], a country in Europe.
* '''12''': A [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Japan flag of Japan], a country in Asia known for fantastic martial-arts/gag manga.
* '''13''': Unknown
* '''14''': An unknown flag, but the closer view (#3 below) shows that the insignia closely matches the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Brazil southern sky depiction from the flag of Brazil]. 
|style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"|
* '''15''': Unknown
* '''16''': A [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_England flag of England], one of the component countries of the United Kingdom.
* '''17''': Unknown
* '''18''': Same as #12, a flag of Japan. A spectator in the same scene carries a fan also based on the flag of Japan.
* '''19''': Same as #11, a flag of the Netherlands
* '''20''': A [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Bulgaria flag of Bulgaria], a country in Europe.
* '''21''': A [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Switzerland flag of Switzerland], a country in Europe.
* '''22''': Unknown
* '''23''': A [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Finland flag of Finland], a country in Europe.
* '''24''': Same as #3, a flag of Austria.
* '''25''': Unknown
* '''26''': Unknown, but resembling the flag of France, albeit with a thin middle stripe.
|-
|colspan="2"|
----
[[Image:M9-interior-flags2.png|x200px|thumb|center|A close-up view in the Battle Island main building shows many of the same flags from the wider view, but they are not in the same order.]] 
|- 
|style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top; "|
* '''1''': Same as #8 above; a flag of Liberia.
* '''2''': Unknown
* '''3''': Same as #14 above; an unknown flag with an element taken from the flag of Brazil.
* '''4''': Unknown
|style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"|
* '''5''': Same as #7 above; an unknown flag with the ''yin-yang'' symbol.
* '''6''': Unknown
* '''7''': Same as #16 above; a flag of England.
* '''8''': Same as #13 above; an unknown flag.
* '''9''': Same as #15 above; an unknown flag.
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:References list]]