
These are the Kanji from the SNES version. From a thread on this forum, I learned the following.
魔/ma, means “demon”
神/shin or kami, means “god”
界/kai means “world”
惑/waku is short for惑星/wakusei, which means “planet”. Hence it being used by aliens like the Namekians or Freeza and co.
超/chou means “super”. It's used by Super Saiyan characters and Piccolo, after he merges with somebody.
The V-shaped thing is the symbol that the Ginyu Force wears, hence it only being used by its members.
必/hitsu is short for 必殺技/hissatsu-waza, meaning a finishing move or other special attack. Hence it being connected with ki attacks.
助/jo means to help or aid. I guess the idea is that it’s used for items that are especially helpful.
気/ki refers to the sacred life force which DB characters use to blow stuff up.
These symbols are mostly from "Kyoushuu! Saiya-Jin" with a few from "Ressen Jinzo Ningen". I'm not sure if all of these symbols were actually used ON the cards but they were in the ROM and follow the same 16x16 style, so I've put them in a 16x16 box and given them the SNES's card colouring just for cohesiveness,

I recognise one as being the Turtle symbol, but the meaning of the others eludes me. The first one almost looks like an alternate version of the Kami symbol which is interesting given how many symbols were copy+pasted into the newer games rather than redrawn, but it might not even be Kami so I don't know. Anyone able to help?