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| eng_name      = Metro South (Funimation)<br/>Southern Metropolis (Viz)
| eng_name      = Metro South (Funimation)<br/>Southern Metropolis (Viz)
| manga_debut  = [[Dragon Ball Chapter 32]] (Disputed)
| manga_debut  = [[Dragon Ball Chapter 32]]  
| anime_debut  = [[Dragon Ball Episode 19]] (Disputed)
| anime_debut  = [[Dragon Ball Episode 19]]
| appears      = Manga & Anime (Disputed)
| appears      = Manga & Anime
| area          = C-2
| area          = C-2
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| galaxy        =  
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| location      =  
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'''South City''' is a major metropolis in the world of ''[[Dragon Ball]]'' by [[Akira Toriyama]] located in the far southern part of the [[Earth]], in Area C-2. The city was initially visited in [[Dragon Ball Chapter 32]], but subsequent chapters appear to contradict the initial depiction. These contradictions extend into the supplementary material with [[Daizenshuu 7]] including two mutually exclusive explanations for the location. This ambiguity is exacerbated in English as the [[Viz]] translation of the manga offers a third location for the city. What is universally agreed is that South City is located nine kilometers northeast of [[Amembo Island]] as well as near (or possibly on) [[Papaya Island]].  
'''South City''' is a major metropolis in the world of ''[[Dragon Ball]]'' by [[Akira Toriyama]] located in the [[Southern Sea]] in Area C-2. The city was initially visited in [[Dragon Ball Chapter 32]], but subsequent chapters and later guidebooks appear to contradict the initial depiction.<ref group="note">This ambiguity is exacerbated in English as the [[Viz]] translation of the manga offers a third location for the city.</ref> This confusion was finally resolved by Toriyama himself in 2014. South City is located close to both [[Amembo Island|Amembo]] and [[Papaya Island|Papaya]] islands.  


==Continuity & General Overview==
==General Overview==
{{Quotation|It seems that the fourth volume is a DragonBall "world guide". I think that the staff all worked very hard, particularly on the building's geometry, the maps, and whatnot. On top of just drawing things in a hit-or-miss fashion, there are many things that not even I had precisely determined. Were they not a bit fed up with how things didn't come together consistently? I'm very sorry. <br/>-- [[Akira Toriyama]], in the introduction to Daizenshuu 4}}
[[File:DB29-south-city-exit-anime.png|thumb|200px|right|One road out of South City leads straight into the desert.]]
[[File:DBZMovie2-near-south-city.png|thumb|200px|right|A wooded area near South City from [[Dragon Ball Z Movie 2]].]]
South City is a tropical city on the southern coast of a small continent in the [[Southern Sea]]. It is nestled between a desert and the sea. Until [[Age 762]], there was a large wooded area not far from the city, but it too was turned into a desert by [[Dr. Kochin]] and [[Dr. Uiro]].<ref>{{Cite features|Number=dbzmovie2}}</ref><ref group="note">The film depicts this forest as temperate, while previous depictions of South City imply a tropical climate.</ref> The city is located close to [[Papaya Island]], close enough that their names may be used interchangeably by non-locals. The full geography between South City and Papaya Island has not been established, but the [[Turtle Hermit]] is depicted as taking a taxi directly from the airport to the tournament grounds. Amembo Island, an urban island only nine kilometers away, is sometimes also considered part of South City.<ref>TODO: Cite Toriyama interview</ref>
 
At some point in the past, [[Mister Satan]] and his martial arts master fought [[Tao Pai-Pai]] at a bar in South City after his master insulted the assassin's hair. Satan's master was killed and Satan himself badly injured by Tao Pai-Pai. This event has not yet been depicted in any narrative form.<ref>TODO: Cite interview. [https://www.kanzenshuu.com/translations/saikyo-jump-june-2014-issue-twel-buu-mysteries/]</ref>
 
On May 12, [[Age 767]], Amembo Island was attacked by [[Artificial Human No. 19|No. 19]] and [[Artificial Human No. 20|No. 20]], destroying much of the island and its population.<ref>{{Cite manga|Chp=337}}</ref> [[Son Goku]] attempted to shift the battle away from populated areas, but did not make it far as the Artificial Humans set down just outside of South City.<ref>TODO: Cite Daizenshuu 4</ref> [[Vegeta]] destroyed No. 19 and forced No. 20, now understood to be [[Doctor Gero]], to retreat.
 
==Continuity==
{{Quotation|It seems that the fourth volume is a ''Dragon Ball'' "world guide". I think that the staff all worked very hard, particularly on the building's geometry, the maps, and whatnot. On top of just drawing things in a hit-or-miss fashion, there are many things that not even I had precisely determined. Were they not a bit fed up with how things didn't come together consistently? I'm very sorry. <br/>-- [[Akira Toriyama]], in the introduction to Daizenshuu 4}}
===Initial Depiction===
===Initial Depiction===
[[File:DBCh32-departure-for-tournament.png|thumb|150px|left|The Turtle Hermit reveals their destination: South City]]
[[File:DBCh32-departure-for-tournament.png|thumb|150px|left|The Turtle Hermit reveals their destination: South City.]]
South City was first introduced in the ''Dragon Ball'' manga in [[Dragon Ball Chapter 32|Chapter 32]], when the [[Turtle Hermit]] informs [[Son Goku]] and [[Kuririn]] that they will travel there for the [[21st World Martial Arts Tournament]]. The trio, plus [[Lunch]], are depicted driving to the airport, flying to South City, and taking a taxi directly to the Tournament grounds.<ref>{{Cite manga|Chp=32}}</ref> It is implied that they have traveled to South City as indicated in dialog, but it is possible that they only stopped over in South City en route to their final destination. Wherever they go, the group remains there until [[Dragon Ball Chapter 54|Chapter 54]] when Son Goku leaves on his second [[dragon ball]] hunt.<ref>{{Cite manga|Chp=54}}</ref>
South City was first introduced in the ''Dragon Ball'' manga in [[Dragon Ball Chapter 32|Chapter 32]], when the [[Turtle Hermit]] informs [[Son Goku]] and [[Kuririn]] that they will travel there for the [[21st Tenka'ichi Budōkai]]. The trio, plus [[Lunch]], are depicted driving to the airport, flying to the city, and taking a taxi directly to the Tournament grounds.<ref>{{Cite manga|Chp=32}}</ref> It is not implied in the dialog that they have traveled anywhere other than South City or just stopped in South City en route to somewhere else. Wherever they go, the group remains there until [[Dragon Ball Chapter 54|Chapter 54]] when Son Goku leaves on his second [[dragon ball]] hunt.<ref>{{Cite manga|Chp=54}}</ref>


When this sequence was adapted for the [[Dragon Ball (anime)|anime]], the connection to South City is strengthened: the city is mentioned earlier and more frequently in dialog (beginning in [[Dragon Ball Episode 17|Episode 17]]) and more emphasis is placed on the size of the city and Goku's awe at being there.<ref>{{Cite episode|Series=DB|Eps=17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite episode|Series=DB|Eps=19}}</ref> Bulma explicitly names the location as "South City" in [[Dragon Ball Episode 29]].<ref>{{Cite episode|Series=DB|Eps=29}}</ref> Together, these references place the tournament and adjacent adventures within the city. In this depiction, the city appears to be located on a large landmass and adjacent to a sizable desert.<ref>{{Cite episode|Series=DB|Eps=29}}</ref>
When this sequence was adapted for the [[Dragon Ball (anime)|anime]], the connection to South City is strengthened: it is mentioned earlier and more frequently in dialog (beginning in [[Dragon Ball Episode 17|Episode 17]]) and more emphasis is placed on the size of the city and Goku's awe at being there.<ref>{{Cite episode|Series=DB|Eps=17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite episode|Series=DB|Eps=19}}</ref> Bulma explicitly names the location as "South City" in [[Dragon Ball Episode 29]].<ref>{{Cite episode|Series=DB|Eps=29}}</ref> Together, these references place the tournament and adjacent adventures within that city. In the anime, the city appears to be located on a large landmass and adjacent to a sizable desert.<ref>{{Cite episode|Series=DB|Eps=29}}</ref>


===22nd & 23rd World Tournament===
===22nd & 23rd Tenka'ichi Budōkai===
[[File:DBCh113-departure-for-papaya.png|thumb|100px|right|Now, the tournament is on [[Papaya Island]]]]
[[File:DBCh113-departure-for-papaya.png|thumb|100px|right|Now, the tournament is on [[Papaya Island]]!]]
Three years later, when the characters are traveling to the [[22nd World Martial Arts Tournament]], they are explicitly going to [[Papaya Island]] rather than South City. The aircraft announcement says that "this time" the tournament is being held on [[Papaya Island]], allowing for the possibility that it was previously somewhere else.<ref>{{Cite manga|Chp=113}}</ref> Despite this, the tournament complex looks nearly identical to what was depicted in the prior chapters. No further references are made to "South City" in the manga until the [[Cell]] arc. The manga does not name the location of the [[23rd World Martial Arts Tournament]], but the anime continues calling the location "Papaya Island".<ref>{{Cite episode|Series=DB|Eps=135}}</ref>
Three years later, beginning in [[Dragon Ball Chapter 113|Chapter 113]], the manga establishes that the [[22nd Tenka'ichi Budōkai]] will be held on [[Papaya Island]]. No mention is made of South City in these chapters. The aircraft announcement says that "this time" the tournament is being held on [[Papaya Island]], allowing for the possibility that it was previously somewhere else.<ref>{{Cite manga|Chp=113}}</ref> Despite this, the tournament complex looks nearly identical to what was depicted in the prior chapters. No further references are made to "South City" in the manga until the appearance of [[Future Trunks]]. The manga does not name the location of the [[23rd Tenka'ichi Budōkai]], but the anime continues calling the location "Papaya Island".<ref>{{Cite episode|Series=DB|Eps=135}}</ref>
 
===Dragon Ball Z Movie 2===
[[File:DBZMovie2-near-south0-city.png|thumb|150px|left|A wooded area near South City.]]
In [[Dragon Ball Z Movie 2]], [[Dr. Kochin]] and [[Dr. Uiro]] destroy a wooded area near South City, transforming it overnight into a desert. South City itself is not depicted in the film.<ref>{{Cite features|Number=dbmovie2}}</ref>


===Artificial Humans Arc===
===Artificial Humans Arc===
South City is not mentioned again until the arrival of [[Future Trunks]]. He warns Son Goku that [[Artificial Humans]] will arrive on an island nine kilometers southwest of South City.<ref>{{Cite manga|Chp=335}}</ref> Although unnamed in the manga, this smaller island is named [[Amembo Island]] in the ''[[Dragon Ball Z]]'' anime. Unlike the ''Dragon Ball''-era depiction of South City as being Indonesian-inspired, Amembo's architecture and design more closely resembles that of the other "modern" cities in the series such as Bulma's [[West City]]. The [[Viz]] translation of [[Dragon Ball Chapter 338]] implies that the urban area on Amembo Island is called "South City"; this description is not in the original Japanese text.<ref>TODO: Cite Viz chapter 338</ref>
South City is not mentioned again until the arrival of Future Trunks. He warns Son Goku that [[Artificial Humans]] will arrive on an island nine kilometers southwest of the city.<ref>{{Cite manga|Chp=335}}</ref> Although unnamed in the manga, this smaller island is named [[Amembo Island]] in the ''[[Dragon Ball Z]]'' anime. Unlike the ''Dragon Ball''-era depiction of South City as being Indonesian-inspired, Amembo's architecture and design more closely resembles that of the other "modern" cities in the series such as Bulma's [[West City]]. The [[Viz]] translation of [[Dragon Ball Chapter 338]] implies that the urban area on Amembo Island is called "South City"; this description is not in the original Japanese text.<ref>TODO: Cite Viz chapter 338</ref>
 
Although not made explicit in the manga, Daizenshuu 4 places the location of [[Vegeta]]'s battle with [[Artificial Human 19]] as just outside of South City.<ref group="note">Son Goku was attempting to force the [[Artificial Humans]] away from inhabited areas; it would be ironic but not necessarily incorrect if he mistakenly brought them near a much larger city in the region.</ref>


===Guide Books===
===Guide Books===
The discontinuity of the 21st World Martial Arts Tournament taking place at "South City" while the 22nd and later taking place on [[Papaya Island]] inspired the authors of the guidebooks to "solve" this problem:
The discontinuity between "South City" and "Papaya Island" inspired the authors of the guide books to "solve" this problem, however their explanations themselves do not paint a consistent picture:


* [[Daizenshuu 4]], released in 1995, describes South City and Papaya Island as separate locations. South City is placed in quadrant C-2, at the southern tip of a small continent and surrounded by deserts. Papaya Island is a smaller location to the east in quadrant C-3.<ref>TODO: Fix D4 reference</ref> The depiction of South City on a small continent and adjacent to a desert aligns with the view in ''Dragon Ball'' Episode 29. However, the Daizenshuu then ruins this by stating that South City was never depicted in the manga (mentioned in dialog only<ref group="note">Daizenshuu 4 specifically states that it was only mentioned in dialog ''once'', however that is also untrue: it was mentioned in chapters 32, 335, and others.</ref>) and that all of the tournaments were located on Papaya Island.  
* [[Daizenshuu 4]], released in 1995, describes South City and Papaya Island as separate locations. South City is placed in quadrant C-2, at the southern tip of a small continent and surrounded by deserts. Papaya Island is a smaller location to the east in quadrant C-3.<ref>TODO: Fix D4 reference</ref> The depiction of South City on a small continent and adjacent to a desert aligns with the view in ''Dragon Ball'' Episode 29. Although this would appear to fix the problem by stating that the tournament moved between [[Age 750]] and [[Age 753|753]], the Daizenshuu further states that South City was never depicted in the manga<ref group="note">In specific, the Daizenshuu states that South City was only mentioned once in dialog. This is also untrue as it was mentioned in at least chapters 32 and 335.</ref> and that all of the tournaments were located on Papaya Island.  
* [[Daizenshuu 7]], released in 1996, adds further confusion. It re-iterates the description and map provided in Daizenshuu 4<ref>TODO: Locate Daizenshuu7 reference</ref>, but also adds a contradictory explanation that South City is the capital city of Papaya Island, thus putting them together as a single location.<ref>TODO: Location second Daizenshuu 7 reference</ref> The two explanations in Daizenshuu 7 cannot be reconciled together.  
* [[Daizenshuu 7]], released two years later, attempts to correct this again but adds further confusion. It re-iterates the description and map provided in Daizenshuu 4<ref>TODO: Locate Daizenshuu7 reference</ref>, but also adds a contradictory explanation that South City is the capital city of Papaya Island, thus putting them together as a single location.<ref>TODO: Location second Daizenshuu 7 reference</ref> The two explanations in Daizenshuu 7 cannot be reconciled together.  
* [[Chozenshuu 4]], released in 2013, does not attempt to further fix this disparity and retains the explanations given in Daizenshuu 7.<ref>TODO: specific C4 page numbers</ref>


There is no flawless explanation for the disparity. The cleanest approach may be to follow Daizenshuu 4 and accept South City and Papaya Island as two distinct places, but discard the remainder of the explanation. In this case, the Tournament must have changed locations after being destroyed by [[Great Ape]] Son Goku.
===Toriyama Interview===
{{Quotation|Q5: What sort of place is South City, which was attacked by the Artificial Humans?<ref group="note">The Artificial Humans attacked [[Amembo Island]], an island nine kilometers from South City. It is possible to interpret this line as either an error or an acknoledgement that Amembo may have been within the "metro area" of South City.</ref><br/>
A. The Tournament Arena for the ''Tenka’ichi Budōkai'' is nearby!<br/>A metropolis on a large island floating in the southern sea. Papaya Island, which is where the Tenka’ichi Budōkai is held, is nearby.<br/>-- Interview in ''Dragon Ball Full Color: Artificial Humans & Cell Arc Volume #01'' (04 April 2014)}}


===Later Information===
This confusion was brought to a close in 2014 when Toriyama resolved the question in an interview. He stated definitively that South City and Papaya Island are separate but nearby places.<ref>TODO: Cite interview</ref> This contradicts the depiction in both guidebooks.
In an interview in 2014, Akira Toriyama revealed that [[Mister Satan]] and his martial arts master fought [[Tao Pai-Pai]] at a bar in South City after his master insulted the assassin's hair. Satan's master was killed and Satan himself badly injured by Tao Pai-Pai. This event has not yet been depicted in any narrative form.<ref>TODO: Cite interview. [https://www.kanzenshuu.com/translations/saikyo-jump-june-2014-issue-twel-buu-mysteries/]</ref>


==Name==
==Name==
South City is one of the four cardinal-direction cities mention in the manga, including [[West City]] (Capsule Corp Headquarters), [[East City]] (destroyed by [[Nappa]]), and [[North City]] (near [[Doctor Gero]]'s lab). In Japanese, 南の都 (''Minami no miyako'') does not need to be read as a proper noun and could also be translated as "southern city".  
South City is one of the four cardinal-direction cities mention in the manga, including [[West City]] ([[Capsule Corp Headquarters]]), [[East City]] (destroyed by [[Nappa]]), and [[North City]] (near [[Doctor Gero]]'s lab). In Japanese, 南の都 (''Minami no miyako'') does not need to be read as a proper noun and could also be translated as "southern city".  


==Notes==
==Notes==

Latest revision as of 09:16, 23 May 2020

South City
南の都 (Minami no miyako)
Manga
South City (Manga)
Anime
South City (Anime)
English Name(s) Metro South (Funimation)
Southern Metropolis (Viz)
Manga Debut Dragon Ball Chapter 32
Anime Debut Dragon Ball Episode 19
Appears in Manga & Anime
Locational Data
Area C-2
Planet Earth
v · d · e

South City is a major metropolis in the world of Dragon Ball by Akira Toriyama located in the Southern Sea in Area C-2. The city was initially visited in Dragon Ball Chapter 32, but subsequent chapters and later guidebooks appear to contradict the initial depiction.[note 1] This confusion was finally resolved by Toriyama himself in 2014. South City is located close to both Amembo and Papaya islands.

General Overview

One road out of South City leads straight into the desert.
A wooded area near South City from Dragon Ball Z Movie 2.

South City is a tropical city on the southern coast of a small continent in the Southern Sea. It is nestled between a desert and the sea. Until Age 762, there was a large wooded area not far from the city, but it too was turned into a desert by Dr. Kochin and Dr. Uiro.[1][note 2] The city is located close to Papaya Island, close enough that their names may be used interchangeably by non-locals. The full geography between South City and Papaya Island has not been established, but the Turtle Hermit is depicted as taking a taxi directly from the airport to the tournament grounds. Amembo Island, an urban island only nine kilometers away, is sometimes also considered part of South City.[2]

At some point in the past, Mister Satan and his martial arts master fought Tao Pai-Pai at a bar in South City after his master insulted the assassin's hair. Satan's master was killed and Satan himself badly injured by Tao Pai-Pai. This event has not yet been depicted in any narrative form.[3]

On May 12, Age 767, Amembo Island was attacked by No. 19 and No. 20, destroying much of the island and its population.[4] Son Goku attempted to shift the battle away from populated areas, but did not make it far as the Artificial Humans set down just outside of South City.[5] Vegeta destroyed No. 19 and forced No. 20, now understood to be Doctor Gero, to retreat.

Continuity

It seems that the fourth volume is a Dragon Ball "world guide". I think that the staff all worked very hard, particularly on the building's geometry, the maps, and whatnot. On top of just drawing things in a hit-or-miss fashion, there are many things that not even I had precisely determined. Were they not a bit fed up with how things didn't come together consistently? I'm very sorry.
-- Akira Toriyama, in the introduction to Daizenshuu 4

Initial Depiction

The Turtle Hermit reveals their destination: South City.

South City was first introduced in the Dragon Ball manga in Chapter 32, when the Turtle Hermit informs Son Goku and Kuririn that they will travel there for the 21st Tenka'ichi Budōkai. The trio, plus Lunch, are depicted driving to the airport, flying to the city, and taking a taxi directly to the Tournament grounds.[6] It is not implied in the dialog that they have traveled anywhere other than South City or just stopped in South City en route to somewhere else. Wherever they go, the group remains there until Chapter 54 when Son Goku leaves on his second dragon ball hunt.[7]

When this sequence was adapted for the anime, the connection to South City is strengthened: it is mentioned earlier and more frequently in dialog (beginning in Episode 17) and more emphasis is placed on the size of the city and Goku's awe at being there.[8][9] Bulma explicitly names the location as "South City" in Dragon Ball Episode 29.[10] Together, these references place the tournament and adjacent adventures within that city. In the anime, the city appears to be located on a large landmass and adjacent to a sizable desert.[11]

22nd & 23rd Tenka'ichi Budōkai

Now, the tournament is on Papaya Island!

Three years later, beginning in Chapter 113, the manga establishes that the 22nd Tenka'ichi Budōkai will be held on Papaya Island. No mention is made of South City in these chapters. The aircraft announcement says that "this time" the tournament is being held on Papaya Island, allowing for the possibility that it was previously somewhere else.[12] Despite this, the tournament complex looks nearly identical to what was depicted in the prior chapters. No further references are made to "South City" in the manga until the appearance of Future Trunks. The manga does not name the location of the 23rd Tenka'ichi Budōkai, but the anime continues calling the location "Papaya Island".[13]

Artificial Humans Arc

South City is not mentioned again until the arrival of Future Trunks. He warns Son Goku that Artificial Humans will arrive on an island nine kilometers southwest of the city.[14] Although unnamed in the manga, this smaller island is named Amembo Island in the Dragon Ball Z anime. Unlike the Dragon Ball-era depiction of South City as being Indonesian-inspired, Amembo's architecture and design more closely resembles that of the other "modern" cities in the series such as Bulma's West City. The Viz translation of Dragon Ball Chapter 338 implies that the urban area on Amembo Island is called "South City"; this description is not in the original Japanese text.[15]

Guide Books

The discontinuity between "South City" and "Papaya Island" inspired the authors of the guide books to "solve" this problem, however their explanations themselves do not paint a consistent picture:

  • Daizenshuu 4, released in 1995, describes South City and Papaya Island as separate locations. South City is placed in quadrant C-2, at the southern tip of a small continent and surrounded by deserts. Papaya Island is a smaller location to the east in quadrant C-3.[16] The depiction of South City on a small continent and adjacent to a desert aligns with the view in Dragon Ball Episode 29. Although this would appear to fix the problem by stating that the tournament moved between Age 750 and 753, the Daizenshuu further states that South City was never depicted in the manga[note 3] and that all of the tournaments were located on Papaya Island.
  • Daizenshuu 7, released two years later, attempts to correct this again but adds further confusion. It re-iterates the description and map provided in Daizenshuu 4[17], but also adds a contradictory explanation that South City is the capital city of Papaya Island, thus putting them together as a single location.[18] The two explanations in Daizenshuu 7 cannot be reconciled together.
  • Chozenshuu 4, released in 2013, does not attempt to further fix this disparity and retains the explanations given in Daizenshuu 7.[19]

Toriyama Interview

Q5: What sort of place is South City, which was attacked by the Artificial Humans?[note 4]
A. The Tournament Arena for the Tenka’ichi Budōkai is nearby!
A metropolis on a large island floating in the southern sea. Papaya Island, which is where the Tenka’ichi Budōkai is held, is nearby.
-- Interview in Dragon Ball Full Color: Artificial Humans & Cell Arc Volume #01 (04 April 2014)


This confusion was brought to a close in 2014 when Toriyama resolved the question in an interview. He stated definitively that South City and Papaya Island are separate but nearby places.[20] This contradicts the depiction in both guidebooks.

Name

South City is one of the four cardinal-direction cities mention in the manga, including West City (Capsule Corp Headquarters), East City (destroyed by Nappa), and North City (near Doctor Gero's lab). In Japanese, 南の都 (Minami no miyako) does not need to be read as a proper noun and could also be translated as "southern city".

Notes

  1. ↑ This ambiguity is exacerbated in English as the Viz translation of the manga offers a third location for the city.
  2. ↑ The film depicts this forest as temperate, while previous depictions of South City imply a tropical climate.
  3. ↑ In specific, the Daizenshuu states that South City was only mentioned once in dialog. This is also untrue as it was mentioned in at least chapters 32 and 335.
  4. ↑ The Artificial Humans attacked Amembo Island, an island nine kilometers from South City. It is possible to interpret this line as either an error or an acknoledgement that Amembo may have been within the "metro area" of South City.

External Links

TBD

References

  1. ↑ Dragon Ball Z: The World's Strongest Guy. Japan: 1990 Toei Anime Festival (Spring). 10 March 1990.
  2. ↑ TODO: Cite Toriyama interview
  3. ↑ TODO: Cite interview. [1]
  4. ↑ Toriyama, Akira. Dragon Ball Chapter 337: "The Super Warriors Assemble". Weekly Shōnen Jump, 1991 #36/37. Japan: Shueisha, 13 August 1991.
  5. ↑ TODO: Cite Daizenshuu 4
  6. ↑ Toriyama, Akira. Dragon Ball Chapter 32: "The Tenka'ichi Budōkai Begins!!". Weekly Shōnen Jump, 1985 #32. Japan: Shueisha, 09 July 1985.
  7. ↑ Toriyama, Akira. Dragon Ball Chapter 54: "Another Adventure!!". Weekly Shōnen Jump, 1986 #03/04. Japan: Shueisha, 10 December 1985.
  8. ↑ "With Life at Stake! Milk Delivery". Dragon Ball. Episode 17. Japan: Fuji TV, 18 June 1986.
  9. ↑ "The Tenka'ichi Budōkai Begins!". Dragon Ball. Episode 19. Japan: Fuji TV, 02 July 1986.
  10. ↑ "Another Adventure – The Roaming Lake". Dragon Ball. Episode 29. Japan: Fuji TV, 10 September 1986.
  11. ↑ "Another Adventure – The Roaming Lake". Dragon Ball. Episode 29. Japan: Fuji TV, 10 September 1986.
  12. ↑ Toriyama, Akira. Dragon Ball Chapter 113: "The Twenty-Second Tenka'ichi Budōkai". Weekly Shōnen Jump, 1987 #13. Japan: Shueisha, 24 February 1987.
  13. ↑ "The Eight Chosen People". Dragon Ball. Episode 135. Japan: Fuji TV, 23 November 1988.
  14. ↑ Toriyama, Akira. Dragon Ball Chapter 335: "A Message of Terror". Weekly Shōnen Jump, 1991 #34. Japan: Shueisha, 30 July 1991.
  15. ↑ TODO: Cite Viz chapter 338
  16. ↑ TODO: Fix D4 reference
  17. ↑ TODO: Locate Daizenshuu7 reference
  18. ↑ TODO: Location second Daizenshuu 7 reference
  19. ↑ TODO: specific C4 page numbers
  20. ↑ TODO: Cite interview


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