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'''''NOTE: This page is morphing into what will ultimately become the full "Artificial Humans" page...''''' | |||
"'''Cyborg'''" refers to a specific type of artificially-enhanced or modified being in the expanded works of [[Akira Toriyama]]. | "'''Cyborg'''" refers to a specific type of artificially-enhanced or modified being in the expanded works of [[Akira Toriyama]]. | ||
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==Dr. Slump== | ==Dr. Slump== | ||
[[File:Caramel-man-no-4-first-panel.png|thumb|200px|[[Dr. Mashirito]] begins to convert himself into a cyborg<ref name="slumpchp103">{{Cite manga|Series=Slump|Chp=103}}</ref>]] | |||
While [[Arale Norimaki]] is a fully inorganic robot created by [[Senbei Norimaki]], and most of the [[Caramel Men]] created by [[Dr. Mashirito]] are likewise robots (including [[Obotchaman]] as Caramel Man No. 4, who was created based on Arale | While [[Arale Norimaki]] is a fully inorganic robot created by [[Senbei Norimaki]], and most of the [[Caramel Men]] created by [[Dr. Mashirito]] are likewise robots (including [[Obotchaman]] as "Caramel Man No. 4," who was created based on observing and photographing Arale with a [[spy robot]])<ref>{{Cite manga|Series=Slump|Chp=153}}</ref>, Dr. Mashirito — in one of the many plot points shared between ''Dr. Slump'' and ''Dragon Ball'' — begins modifying himself into a cyborg (first as "Caramel Man No. 8" after his defeat during the Penguin Village Wars).<ref name="slumpchp103"></ref> | ||
==The Adventure of Tongpoo== | ==The Adventure of Tongpoo== | ||
| Line 50: | Line 52: | ||
==Dragon Ball== | ==Dragon Ball== | ||
[[File:Trunks-chp335-cyborgs.png|thumb|200px|[[ | [[File:Taopaipai-cyborg-chp-168.png|thumb|200px|[[Tao-paipai]] returns as a cyborg<ref name="dbchp168">{{Cite manga|Chp=168}}</ref>]] | ||
[[File:Mecha-freeza-worked-on-dbz-119.png|thumb|200px|Freeza is reconstructed in filler material as part of the television series<ref name="dbz119">{{Cite episode|Series=Z|Eps=119}}</ref>]] | |||
[[File:Trunks-chp335-cyborgs.png|thumb|200px|[[Trunks]] clarifies the two coming artificial humans as "cyborgs"<ref name="dbchp335">{{Cite manga|Chp=335}}</ref>]] | |||
[[File:Db_chp367_title-tan.png|thumb|200px|[[Dragon Ball Chapter 367|Chapter 367]]'s title page provides a comprehensive overview of artificial humans up to that point<ref name="dbchp367">{{Cite manga|Chp=367}}</ref>]] | [[File:Db_chp367_title-tan.png|thumb|200px|[[Dragon Ball Chapter 367|Chapter 367]]'s title page provides a comprehensive overview of artificial humans up to that point<ref name="dbchp367">{{Cite manga|Chp=367}}</ref>]] | ||
===Manga=== | |||
====Red Ribbon Army==== | |||
Sergeant Metallic | Sergeant Metallic | ||
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Hat-chan | Hat-chan | ||
Cyborg Tao-paipai | ====Cyborg Tao-paipai==== | ||
In [[Dragon Ball Chapter 168|chapter 168]] of the ''Dragon Ball'' manga, [[Tao-paipai]] reveals himself at the 23rd ''Tenkai'ichi Budōkai'' preliminaries as a newly-revived cyborg:<ref name="dbchp168"></ref> | |||
{{quotation|サイボーグ化して復活するのにそれまで稼いだ金すべてつかってしまったぞ<br><br>もっともそのおかげで以前の数倍ものパワーもで手にいれりれたがな···<hr><br>I had to spend all the money I had to be brought back as a cyborg, but thanks to that, I've gained several times more power than I had before.|Tao-paipai, ''Dragon Ball'' Chapter 168}} | |||
====Mecha Freeza==== | |||
Other than [[Freeza]] himself saying that he has "powered-up" (パワーアップして ''pawā appu shite'')<ref>{{Cite manga|Chp=329}}</ref>, no real mention is made of Freeza's enhanced/augmented body in the ''Dragon Ball'' manga from his re-appearance in [[Dragon Ball Chapter 329|chapter 329]] to [[Trunks]]'s defeat of [[King Cold]] in [[Dragon Ball Chapter 332|chapter 332]], other than perhaps King Cold noting Trunks's sword being able to cut through Freeza's "well-trained body"; this is adapted as "armored body" in Viz's official English translation of the manga.<ref>{{Cite web|URL=https://www.viz.com/shonenjump/dragon-ball-z-chapter-138/chapter/12364?action=read|Website=VIZ|Title="Dragon Ball Z, Chapter 138"|AccessDate=08 May 2026}}</ref> | |||
Substantial material is added to the television series adaptation, where in [[Dragon Ball Z Episode 119|''Dragon Ball Z'' episode 119]] — written by [[Aya Matsui]] — Freeza's half-dead remains are picked up in space by King Cold and crew, and Freeza is visibly seen throughout the process of his reconstruction.<ref name="dbz119"></ref> | |||
By all reasonable definitions and understanding of the term, Freeza should widely be considered a "cyborg" in this form: his living base remains, which is augmented and added upon with artificial parts. | |||
====Threat of the Artificial Humans: "Cyborgs"==== | |||
After defeating Freeza and King Cold, [[Son Goku]] finally arrives back on Earth and has a bit of a palaver with Trunks about the current situation and future threat of the "artificial humans":<ref name="dbchp335"></ref> | After defeating Freeza and King Cold, [[Son Goku]] finally arrives back on Earth and has a bit of a palaver with Trunks about the current situation and future threat of the "artificial humans":<ref name="dbchp335"></ref> | ||
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{{quotation|いえ··· この地球で生みだされた人造人間··· いわゆるサイボーグというやつです。 造りあげたのはもとレッドリボン軍の狂人的科学者ドクター•ゲロ···<br><hr>No, they're artificial humans, or cyborgs, invented right here on Earth. The one who created them is Doctor Gero, a mad scientist originally of the Red Ribbon Army.|Trunks, ''Dragon Ball'' Chapter 335}} | {{quotation|いえ··· この地球で生みだされた人造人間··· いわゆるサイボーグというやつです。 造りあげたのはもとレッドリボン軍の狂人的科学者ドクター•ゲロ···<br><hr>No, they're artificial humans, or cyborgs, invented right here on Earth. The one who created them is Doctor Gero, a mad scientist originally of the Red Ribbon Army.|Trunks, ''Dragon Ball'' Chapter 335}} | ||
Title | The title page for [[Dragon Ball Chapter 367|chapter 367]] provides a comprehensive overview of artificial humans up to that point<ref name="dbchp367"></ref>: | ||
* No. 16 and No. 19 are noted as being purely/fully mechanical (全人工製 ''zenjinkōsei'') | |||
* No. 20 is noted as being human + machine (人間パラス機械 ''ningen purasu kikai'') | |||
* No. 17 and No. 18 are noted as being human-based (人間がベース ''ningen ga bēsu'') | |||
===Expanded Universe=== | |||
Dr. Uiro<ref>{{Cite features|Number=dbzmovie2}}</ref> and Daizenshuu 7 profile<ref>{{Cite guidebook|Title="Human Racial Dictionary"|Book=13|Page=pp. 90-91}}</ref> | |||
{{quotation|A scientist who advanced his research in human modification so that he could rule the world. Fifty years ago he was sealed within the Tsurumai-Tsuburi Mountains' eternal walls of ice by a weather anomaly, but his brain alone survived. His assistant Dr. Kochin gathered the Dragon Balls and used their power to revive his brain. He tried to kill Goku in order to obtain the strongest body.}} | |||
==Supplemental Documentation== | ==Supplemental Documentation== | ||
===DBZ Movie 7 Pamphlet=== | |||
[[File:Dbz-movie-7-pamphlet-jinzoningen-data-spread.png|thumb|200px|"Artificial Humans Perfect Data!" spread from the Summer 1992 Toei Anime Fair pamphlet<ref name="movie7pamphletdata">"人造人間 PERFECT DATA!". Summer 1992 Toei Anime Fair (Pamphlet). Japan: Shueisha, 11 July 1992. (pp. 12-13)</ref>]] | |||
These exact same phrases and categorizations from the [[Dragon Ball Chapter 367|chapter 367]] title page are used for the "Artificial Humans Perfect Data!" two-page column in the Summer 1992 Toei Anime Fair pamphlet available alongside screenings of [[Dragon Ball Z Movie 7|the seventh ''Dragon Ball Z'' film]] (which itself featured No. 13, No. 14, and No. 15 as primary antagonists):<ref name="movie7pamphletdata"></ref> | |||
* No. 16 and No. 19 are noted as being purely/fully mechanical; | |||
* No. 17 and No. 18 are noted as being human-based; | |||
* No. 20 is described slightly differently (but complementary to other citations) as "an energy absorbing artificial human with a human brain and a mechanical body." | |||
===Daizenshuu 4=== | |||
[[File:Daizenshuu4-p158-technology-robot.png|thumb|200px|"ROBOT" sub-section of the overall "TECHNOLOGY" section in [[Dragon Ball Daizenshuu 4: World Guide|''Daizenshuu 4: World Guide'']]<ref>{{Cite guidebook|Title="ROBOT"|Book=8|Page=p. 159}}</ref>]] | [[File:Daizenshuu4-p158-technology-robot.png|thumb|200px|"ROBOT" sub-section of the overall "TECHNOLOGY" section in [[Dragon Ball Daizenshuu 4: World Guide|''Daizenshuu 4: World Guide'']]<ref>{{Cite guidebook|Title="ROBOT"|Book=8|Page=p. 159}}</ref>]] | ||
The 1995 guidebook ''[[Dragon Ball Daizenshuu 4: World Guide]]'' contains an extensive "Racial Groups" section broken down by various types of beings in the ''Dragon Ball'' universe (e.g., "[[Saiyan]]," "[[Namekian]]," "People of the Cosmos," "[[Freeza]] and His Followers," etc.). No "artificial humans" are included in this section — instead, they are classified later in the book as part of the "Technology & Supernatural" section, with its own sub-sections:<ref>{{Cite guidebook|Title="TECHNOLOGY"|Book=8|Page=pp. 158-161}}</ref> | The 1995 guidebook ''[[Dragon Ball Daizenshuu 4: World Guide]]'' contains an extensive "Racial Groups" section broken down by various types of beings in the ''Dragon Ball'' universe (e.g., "[[Saiyan]]," "[[Namekian]]," "People of the Cosmos," "[[Freeza]] and His Followers," etc.). No "artificial humans" are included in this section — instead, they are classified later in the book as part of the "Technology & Supernatural" section, with its own sub-sections:<ref>{{Cite guidebook|Title="TECHNOLOGY"|Book=8|Page=pp. 158-161}}</ref> | ||
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** "MECHANICAL TYPE" (メカタイプ ''Meka Taipu'') | ** "MECHANICAL TYPE" (メカタイプ ''Meka Taipu'') | ||
** "BIOTECHNOLOGICAL TYPE" (バイオタイプ ''Baio Taipu'') | ** "BIOTECHNOLOGICAL TYPE" (バイオタイプ ''Baio Taipu'') | ||
"CYBORG TAOPAIPAI" is described as such: | |||
{{quotation|聖地カリンで悟空に敗れ去った世界一の殺し屋・桃白白が、これまで稼いだ金をつぎこみ自らをサイボーグに改造。スピード、パワー、攻撃力のすべてにおいて人間時以上の能力を発揮する。左腕に剣を内蔵し、油断した相手を容赦なく切り裂く。また右腕には、最強の必殺兵器「スーパーどどん波」を装備している。<br><hr>After being defeated by Goku at the Sacred Land of Karin, the world's greatest assassin, Tao-Paipai, spent all the money he had earned to transform himself into a cyborg. He now possesses abilities that surpass his human form in every aspect: speed, power, and offensive capability. He has a sword built into his left arm, which he uses to mercilessly slice through unsuspecting opponents. His right arm is equipped with his most powerful special attack, the "Super Dodonpa."}} | |||
From here, [[Artificial Human No. 16|No. 16]], [[Artificial Human No. 19|No. 19]], and [[Artificial Human No. 20|No. 20]] are all listed under the "ANDROID ①" category (page 159), while [[Artificial Human No. 8|No. 8]], [[Artificial Human No. 17|No. 17]], [[Artificial Human No. 18|No. 18]], and [[Cell]] are all listed under the "ANDROID ②" category as the "BIOTECHNOLOGICAL TYPE" (pages 160-161) — in each of these cases, the word "ANDROID" is used as the stock English translation underneath each respective Japanese name. | |||
The entry for Dr. Gero as "No. 20" makes a minor point about him not actually being fully robot from origin: | |||
{{quotation|20番目の人造人間は、ドクター・ゲロ自らがベースとなった。体の半分は人間であるが、基本性能は19号とほぼ同じ。エネルギー吸収式。<br><hr>The 20th artificial human was based on Dr. Gero himself. Although half of his body is human, his basic abilities are nearly identical to those of No. 19. He is an energy-absorbing type.}} | |||
The entries for No. 17 and No. 18 note the fact that they are human-based (and as such, No. 18 can give birth), and that the few mechanical parts used are an emergency stop circuit and a self-destruct device. | |||
Despite all these minor notes and attempts at clarity, no real consistency actually exists in these categories across ''Daizenshuu 4'''s listings, particularly in light of at least two of them being introduced as cyborgs in the original text itself<ref name="dbchp335"></ref>, and yet only categorizing "Cyborg Tao-paipai" as such here in the guidebook. | |||
==Merchandise== | |||
'''TO DO''': | |||
Super Battle Collection doesn't have anything until No. 40, "SUPER ANDROID NO. 17" with Chinese text of 超級生化人17号 and Japanese text of スーパー人造人間17号 | |||
Lyrics say "Android Power" in Shin'ichi Ishihara's song "Warning of Danger" | |||
Check special attack moves list; "Android Barrier" (アンドロイドバリヤー) for No. 17 in ''Sparking! ZERO'' | |||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
Latest revision as of 16:25, 8 May 2026
|
This page is incomplete. Kanzenshuu wiki team members are aware that they must edit this page to add missing information and complete it. |
| Cyborg | |
|---|---|
| サイボーグ (saibōgu) | |
| English Name(s) | Cyborg, Android, Artificial Human |
NOTE: This page is morphing into what will ultimately become the full "Artificial Humans" page...
"Cyborg" refers to a specific type of artificially-enhanced or modified being in the expanded works of Akira Toriyama.
While all are classified under the banner of 人造人間 (jinzōningen; literally "Artificial Human") in the Dragon Ball universe, a "cyborg" is distinct from a fully-inorganic "robot" and may be distinct from other "android" beings.
Cyborgs in Akira Toriyama Manga
Dr. Slump
While Arale Norimaki is a fully inorganic robot created by Senbei Norimaki, and most of the Caramel Men created by Dr. Mashirito are likewise robots (including Obotchaman as "Caramel Man No. 4," who was created based on observing and photographing Arale with a spy robot)[2], Dr. Mashirito — in one of the many plot points shared between Dr. Slump and Dragon Ball — begins modifying himself into a cyborg (first as "Caramel Man No. 8" after his defeat during the Penguin Village Wars).[1]
The Adventure of Tongpoo
Following the two-chapter Dragon Boy manga published in Shueisha's Fresh Jump magazine earlier that year, Akira Toriyama returned to the pages of Weekly Shōnen Jump in November 1983 with the single-chapter manga The Adventure of Tongpoo. Both of these series would serve as prototype works leading to the creation and debut of Dragon Ball the following year.
In The Adventure of Tongpoo, space explorer Tongpoo accidentally lands on what appears to be an uninhabited planet due to engine failure. When he meets a young lady named Plamo hiding from a dangerous alien, the two make plans for their escape! Tongpoo goes to fire his pistol, but the alien shoots a much larger gun right through Tongpoo. The alien attempts to eat Plamo, but she somehow manages to get free. Tongpoo is suddenly back on his feet, even with a hole through him! The alien keeps firing at Tongpoo, but he is a cyborg! Completely angry now, Tongpoo unleashes on the alien, knocking him out with a couple swift punches.[3]
Tongpoo uses the English word "cyborg" (サイボーグ saibōgu) specifically.
Dragon Ball
Manga
Red Ribbon Army
Sergeant Metallic
Hat-chan
Cyborg Tao-paipai
In chapter 168 of the Dragon Ball manga, Tao-paipai reveals himself at the 23rd Tenkai'ichi Budōkai preliminaries as a newly-revived cyborg:[4]
サイボーグ化して復活するのにそれまで稼いだ金すべてつかってしまったぞ
もっともそのおかげで以前の数倍ものパワーもで手にいれりれたがな···
I had to spend all the money I had to be brought back as a cyborg, but thanks to that, I've gained several times more power than I had before.
— Tao-paipai, Dragon Ball Chapter 168
Mecha Freeza
Other than Freeza himself saying that he has "powered-up" (パワーアップして pawā appu shite)[8], no real mention is made of Freeza's enhanced/augmented body in the Dragon Ball manga from his re-appearance in chapter 329 to Trunks's defeat of King Cold in chapter 332, other than perhaps King Cold noting Trunks's sword being able to cut through Freeza's "well-trained body"; this is adapted as "armored body" in Viz's official English translation of the manga.[9]
Substantial material is added to the television series adaptation, where in Dragon Ball Z episode 119 — written by Aya Matsui — Freeza's half-dead remains are picked up in space by King Cold and crew, and Freeza is visibly seen throughout the process of his reconstruction.[5]
By all reasonable definitions and understanding of the term, Freeza should widely be considered a "cyborg" in this form: his living base remains, which is augmented and added upon with artificial parts.
Threat of the Artificial Humans: "Cyborgs"
After defeating Freeza and King Cold, Son Goku finally arrives back on Earth and has a bit of a palaver with Trunks about the current situation and future threat of the "artificial humans":[6]
いえ··· この地球で生みだされた人造人間··· いわゆるサイボーグというやつです。 造りあげたのはもとレッドリボン軍の狂人的科学者ドクター•ゲロ···
No, they're artificial humans, or cyborgs, invented right here on Earth. The one who created them is Doctor Gero, a mad scientist originally of the Red Ribbon Army.
— Trunks, Dragon Ball Chapter 335
The title page for chapter 367 provides a comprehensive overview of artificial humans up to that point[7]:
- No. 16 and No. 19 are noted as being purely/fully mechanical (全人工製 zenjinkōsei)
- No. 20 is noted as being human + machine (人間パラス機械 ningen purasu kikai)
- No. 17 and No. 18 are noted as being human-based (人間がベース ningen ga bēsu)
Expanded Universe
Dr. Uiro[10] and Daizenshuu 7 profile[11]
A scientist who advanced his research in human modification so that he could rule the world. Fifty years ago he was sealed within the Tsurumai-Tsuburi Mountains' eternal walls of ice by a weather anomaly, but his brain alone survived. His assistant Dr. Kochin gathered the Dragon Balls and used their power to revive his brain. He tried to kill Goku in order to obtain the strongest body.
Supplemental Documentation
DBZ Movie 7 Pamphlet
These exact same phrases and categorizations from the chapter 367 title page are used for the "Artificial Humans Perfect Data!" two-page column in the Summer 1992 Toei Anime Fair pamphlet available alongside screenings of the seventh Dragon Ball Z film (which itself featured No. 13, No. 14, and No. 15 as primary antagonists):[12]
- No. 16 and No. 19 are noted as being purely/fully mechanical;
- No. 17 and No. 18 are noted as being human-based;
- No. 20 is described slightly differently (but complementary to other citations) as "an energy absorbing artificial human with a human brain and a mechanical body."
Daizenshuu 4
The 1995 guidebook Dragon Ball Daizenshuu 4: World Guide contains an extensive "Racial Groups" section broken down by various types of beings in the Dragon Ball universe (e.g., "Saiyan," "Namekian," "People of the Cosmos," "Freeza and His Followers," etc.). No "artificial humans" are included in this section — instead, they are classified later in the book as part of the "Technology & Supernatural" section, with its own sub-sections:[14]
- "ROBOT" (ロボット Robotto)
- "ROBOT" (ロボット Robotto)[a]
- "CYBORG" (サイボーグ Saibōgu)
- "ANDROID" (人造人間 Jinzōningen)
- "MECHANICAL TYPE" (メカタイプ Meka Taipu)
- "BIOTECHNOLOGICAL TYPE" (バイオタイプ Baio Taipu)
"CYBORG TAOPAIPAI" is described as such:
聖地カリンで悟空に敗れ去った世界一の殺し屋・桃白白が、これまで稼いだ金をつぎこみ自らをサイボーグに改造。スピード、パワー、攻撃力のすべてにおいて人間時以上の能力を発揮する。左腕に剣を内蔵し、油断した相手を容赦なく切り裂く。また右腕には、最強の必殺兵器「スーパーどどん波」を装備している。
After being defeated by Goku at the Sacred Land of Karin, the world's greatest assassin, Tao-Paipai, spent all the money he had earned to transform himself into a cyborg. He now possesses abilities that surpass his human form in every aspect: speed, power, and offensive capability. He has a sword built into his left arm, which he uses to mercilessly slice through unsuspecting opponents. His right arm is equipped with his most powerful special attack, the "Super Dodonpa."
From here, No. 16, No. 19, and No. 20 are all listed under the "ANDROID ①" category (page 159), while No. 8, No. 17, No. 18, and Cell are all listed under the "ANDROID ②" category as the "BIOTECHNOLOGICAL TYPE" (pages 160-161) — in each of these cases, the word "ANDROID" is used as the stock English translation underneath each respective Japanese name.
The entry for Dr. Gero as "No. 20" makes a minor point about him not actually being fully robot from origin:
20番目の人造人間は、ドクター・ゲロ自らがベースとなった。体の半分は人間であるが、基本性能は19号とほぼ同じ。エネルギー吸収式。
The 20th artificial human was based on Dr. Gero himself. Although half of his body is human, his basic abilities are nearly identical to those of No. 19. He is an energy-absorbing type.
The entries for No. 17 and No. 18 note the fact that they are human-based (and as such, No. 18 can give birth), and that the few mechanical parts used are an emergency stop circuit and a self-destruct device.
Despite all these minor notes and attempts at clarity, no real consistency actually exists in these categories across Daizenshuu 4's listings, particularly in light of at least two of them being introduced as cyborgs in the original text itself[6], and yet only categorizing "Cyborg Tao-paipai" as such here in the guidebook.
Merchandise
TO DO:
Super Battle Collection doesn't have anything until No. 40, "SUPER ANDROID NO. 17" with Chinese text of 超級生化人17号 and Japanese text of スーパー人造人間17号
Lyrics say "Android Power" in Shin'ichi Ishihara's song "Warning of Danger"
Check special attack moves list; "Android Barrier" (アンドロイドバリヤー) for No. 17 in Sparking! ZERO
Notes
- ↑ This is not a duplicate entry; the main "ROBOT" entry has a first subsection that is literally called "ROBOT" again, followed by the "CYBORG" sub-section. The former includes Sergeant Metallic, the Red Ribbon Army Robot, and the Pirate Robot; the latter solely includes Cyborg Tao-paipai.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Toriyama, Akira. Dr. Slump Chapter 103: "Penguin Village Wars (Conclusion)". Weekly Shōnen Jump, 1982 #06. Japan: Shueisha, 12 January 1982.
- ↑ Toriyama, Akira. Dr. Slump Chapter 153: "The Ultimate Rival Makes His Debut!!". Weekly Shōnen Jump, 1983 #05/06. Japan: Shueisha, 04 January 1983.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Toriyama, Akira. "The Adventure of Tongpoo". Weekly Shōnen Jump, 1983 #52. Japan: Shueisha, 29 November 1983. (pp. 139-183)
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Toriyama, Akira. Dragon Ball Chapter 168: "The Eight Winners are Determined!!". Weekly Shōnen Jump, 1988 #18. Japan: Shueisha, 29 March 1988.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "I Will Defeat Freeza... The Mysterious Boy Awaiting Goku". Dragon Ball Z. Episode 119. Japan: Fuji TV, 04 December 1991.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Toriyama, Akira. Dragon Ball Chapter 335: "A Message of Terror". Weekly Shōnen Jump, 1991 #34. Japan: Shueisha, 30 July 1991.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Toriyama, Akira. Dragon Ball Chapter 367: "The Reborn Piccolo vs No. 17". Weekly Shōnen Jump, 1992 #17. Japan: Shueisha, 31 March 1992.
- ↑ Toriyama, Akira. Dragon Ball Chapter 329: "Goku Won't Be Coming Home". Weekly Shōnen Jump, 1991 #28. Japan: Shueisha, 18 June 1991.
- ↑ "Dragon Ball Z, Chapter 138". VIZ. Retrieved: 08 May 2026.
- ↑ Dragon Ball Z: The World's Strongest Guy. Japan: 1990 Toei Anime Festival (Spring). 10 March 1990.
- ↑ "Human Racial Dictionary". Dragon Ball Daizenshuu 7: Dragon Ball Large Encyclopedia. Japan: Shueisha, 05 February 1996. ISBN 4-08-782757-7. (pp. 90-91)
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 "人造人間 PERFECT DATA!". Summer 1992 Toei Anime Fair (Pamphlet). Japan: Shueisha, 11 July 1992. (pp. 12-13)
- ↑ "ROBOT". Dragon Ball Daizenshuu 4: World Guide. Japan: Shueisha, 04 October 1995. ISBN 4-08-782754-2. (p. 159)
- ↑ "TECHNOLOGY". Dragon Ball Daizenshuu 4: World Guide. Japan: Shueisha, 04 October 1995. ISBN 4-08-782754-2. (pp. 158-161)